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What is Acute Coronary Artery Syndrome (ACAS)?

Acute Coronary Artery Syndrome (ACAS) is a medical emergency that occurs when the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen-rich blood. This happens when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, become blocked or narrowed.

What happens during ACAS?

Imagine the coronary arteries as pipes that supply blood to the heart. When these pipes become blocked or narrowed, the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen and nutrients. This can cause damage to the heart muscle, leading to serious complications.

Types of Acute Coronary Artery Syndrome

There are three main types of ACAS:

  • Unstable Angina-This is a warning sign that a heart attack may happen soon. The coronary arteries are narrowed, but not completely blocked.
  • Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)- This is a type of heart attack where the coronary artery is partially blocked.
  • ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)-This is a severe heart attack where the coronary artery is completely blocked.
Symptoms of Acute Coronary Artery Syndrome

The symptoms of ACAS can vary, but common signs include:

  • Chest pain or discomfort-This can feel like pressure, tightness, or heaviness in the chest.
  • Shortness of breath- You may feel like you can not catch your breath.
  • Pain or discomfort in the arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach- This pain can radiate from the chest to other areas.
  • Cold sweats- You may feel clammy or sweaty.
  • Lightheadedness or dizziness-You may feel like you are going to pass out.
  • Fatigue- You may feel extremely tired or weak.
What to do if you suspect ACAS?

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of Acute Coronary Artery Syndrome, call emergency services immediately. While waiting for help to arrive:

  • Stay calm-Try to remain calm and still.
  • Loosen tight clothing-Remove any tight clothing that may constrict your chest.
  • Sit or lie down-Sit or lie down in a comfortable position.
Treatment of Acute Coronary Artery Syndrome (ACAS)

Treatment for ACAS depends on the type and severity of the condition. It may include:

  • Medications-To reduce pain, prevent further clotting, and stabilize the heart.
  • Angioplasty-A procedure to open blocked coronary arteries.
  • Stenting-A procedure to place a small mesh tube (stent) in the coronary artery to keep it open.
  • Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)-Surgery to bypass blocked coronary arteries.
Physiotherapy Treatment for Acute Coronary Artery Syndrome

Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the management of Acute Coronary Artery Syndrome (ACAS). The primary goal of physiotherapy is to promote cardiovascular recovery, improve functional capacity, and reduce the risk of future cardiovascular events.

  • Breathing exercises- Deep breathing exercises to improve lung function and reduce the risk of pulmonary complications.
  • Mobilization- Gentle mobilization of the shoulders, arms, and legs to prevent stiffness and promote circulation.
  • Cardiovascular exercises-Initiating low-intensity cardiovascular exercises, such as walking or stationary cycling, to improve cardiovascular function.
  • Strengthening exercises- Initiating strengthening exercises for the upper and lower limbs to improve functional capacity.

Physiotherapists may use various techniques to manage ACAS, including:

  • Manual therapy-Techniques such as massage, joint mobilization, and soft tissue mobilization to promote relaxation, reduce pain, and improve circulation.
  • Exercise therapy-A range of exercises, including cardiovascular, strengthening, and flexibility exercises, to improve cardiovascular function, functional capacity.

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