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Best Apraxia Treatment In Delhi NCR.

Apraxia treatment at Arunalaya
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What is Apraxia?

Apraxia is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to perform learned or skilled movements despite having the desire and physical capacity to do so. It is not caused by muscle weakness, sensory loss, or lack of coordination; rather, it’s a problem with the brain’s ability to plan and sequence the motor movements needed for tasks.

Think of it like this, the brain knows what it wants to do, and the muscles are capable of doing it, but the brain struggles to send the correct signals or instructions to execute the action in the right order.

Apraxia can affect various types of movements, and there are different classifications depending on the specific difficulties experienced-

Types of Apraxia
  • Ideomotor Apraxia- Difficulty performing a single motor task on command, even though the person understands the command and may be able to perform the action spontaneously. For example, they might not be able to wave goodbye when asked, but could do it naturally.
  • Ideational Apraxia- Difficulty with tasks that involve a sequence of steps. The person may not understand the overall concept of the task or how the individual steps relate to each other. For instance, they might put on socks over their shoes or try to use a toothbrush to comb their hair.
  • Limb-Kinetic Apraxia- Difficulty making precise and coordinated movements with a limb, particularly the fingers and hands. This can result in clumsy or inaccurate movements, like struggling to manipulate small objects.
  • Buccofacial or Orofacial Apraxia-Difficulty with movements of the face, lips, tongue, and throat on command, such as licking lips, whistling, coughing, or winking.
  • Apraxia of Speech (Verbal Apraxia)-Difficulty coordinating the mouth and tongue movements needed to produce speech sounds correctly. Individuals may have trouble starting words, produce distorted sounds, or have inconsistent errors.
  • Constructional Apraxia- Difficulty with drawing, copying, or constructing designs. They might struggle to put together parts of a model or reproduce a simple shape.
  • Dressing Apraxia-Difficulty with the task of dressing oneself, often related to spatial awareness and understanding how clothing relates to the body.
  • Oculomotor Apraxia-Difficulty with voluntary eye movements on command.
  • Gait Apraxia-Difficulty with the coordinated movements required for walking.
Symptoms of Apraxia

The symptoms vary depending on the type of apraxia but can include:

  • Difficulty initiating movements.
  • Hesitations and groping movements when trying to perform a task.
  • Making errors in the sequence or timing of movements.
  • Using the wrong object for a task.
  • Inability to imitate gestures.
  • Awareness of errors but difficulty correcting them.
  • Inconsistent errors (performing a task correctly sometimes but not others).
  • In speech apraxia- distorted sounds, difficulty with longer words, and inconsistent speech errors.
Causes of Apraxia

Apraxia is caused by damage to the brain, particularly areas involved in motor planning and control. Common causes include:

  • Stroke: Damage to brain tissue due to interrupted blood supply.
  • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Injury to the brain from an external force.
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases-Conditions that cause progressive damage to nerve cells in the brain, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, corticobasal syndrome, and progressive supranuclear palsy.
  • Brain Tumors: Abnormal growth in the brain.
  • Hydrocephalus: Buildup of fluid in the brain.
  • Neuroinflammatory conditions.

In some rare cases, apraxia can be present from birth (developmental apraxia), and the cause may be unknown.

Treatment for Apraxia

There is no cure for apraxia, but therapy can help individuals improve their functional abilities and develop compensatory strategies. Treatment approaches depend on the type and severity of apraxia and may include:

  • Occupational Therapy: Focuses on relearning daily living skills and adapting tasks to make them easier.
  • Physical Therapy: Helps with gross motor skills, balance, and coordination, especially in cases like gait apraxia.
  • Speech Therapy: Crucial for apraxia of speech, focusing on improving articulation, coordination of speech muscles, and sometimes using alternative communication methods. Techniques often involve repetitive practice of sounds and words, and learning to slow down speech.

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