A physiotherapist will conduct a thorough assessment to develop an individualized treatment plan based on the type and severity of the head injury, as well as the specific impairments an individual is experiencing. Common interventions include:

• Gait Training:
  • Re-learning how to walk safely and efficiently.
  • Practicing walking with varying speeds, surfaces, and levels of support (e.g., with walkers, canes).
  • Utilizing specialized equipment like body-weight-supporting treadmills.
• Balance and Coordination Exercises:
  • Static and dynamic balance exercises (e.g., standing on one leg, tandem walking, weight shifts).
  • Using balance boards, stability balls, and other challenging surfaces.
  • Exercises to improve proprioception (the body’s awareness of its position in space) and vestibular function (related to balance and spatial orientation).
• Strength and Endurance Training:
  • Specific strengthening exercises for weakened muscles in the arms, legs, and trunk.
  • Exercises to build overall stamina and reduce fatigue.
• Range of Motion and Flexibility Exercises:
  • Passive, active, and assisted range of motion exercises to maintain joint mobility and prevent stiffness.
  • Stretching techniques to lengthen tight muscles and improve flexibility.
• Functional Activities and Task-Specific Training:
  • Practicing real-life tasks such as getting in and out of bed, transferring from a wheelchair, dressing, or reaching for objects.
  • Breaking down complex tasks into smaller, manageable steps.
• Neuromuscular Re-education:
  • Techniques to re-establish the connection between the brain and muscles, improving motor control and movement patterns.
• Manual Therapy:
  • Hands-on techniques to reduce muscle tension, improve joint mobility, and alleviate pain.
• Postural Training:
  • Exercises and guidance to improve posture and comfort in lying, sitting, and standing positions.
• Sensory Integration:
  • Stimulating various sensory systems (auditory, visual, tactile-kinesthetic, vestibular) to enhance overall function.

Use of Assistive Devices and Technology:

• Advising on and training with walking aids, splints, braces, and other supportive equipment.
• Incorporating technology like functional electrical stimulation (FES) or virtual reality for rehabilitation.