Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS)

Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is a common knee injury that usually presents with pain and/or tenderness on palpation of the lateral aspect of the knee, superior to the joint line and inferior to the lateral femoral epicondyle.

This is the second most common running injury and leading cause of lateral knee pain in runners with an estimated incidence of 5%–14%.  

Sign and symptoms

• Abnormal gait
• Point tenderness noted upon palpation of the lateral femoral epicondyle, as well as with palpation of a site 2-4 cm above the lateral joint line and at the greater tubercle
• Reproducible pain

 Physiotherapy treatment for IT band syndrome

If no improvement of symptoms occurs and inflammation persists, the following other treatment techniques might be considered:

• Ultrasound therapy providing thermal or non-thermal treatment of the injured tissue at a frequency range of 0.75 to 3 MHz (depending on the depth of the soft tissue to be treated)
• Muscle stimulation
• Iontophoresis or phonophoresis techniques in which medication is administered into the injured tissue through ion distribution driven by an electric field or passed through the skin using ultrasound waves, respectively. Iontophoresis with dexamethasone may be useful as an anti-inflammatory modality.
• This illustration demonstrates active stretching of the iliotibial band (ITB). The athlete stands a comfortable distance from a wall and, with the contralateral knee extended, leans the proximal shoulder against the wall to stretch the ipsilateral ITB.
• Dry needling – to release the IT muscle tightness and to release the nodules
• K- taping = applied to relieve muscle tightness and to minimise the load on muscles   

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