Introduction
* The spine is made up of a stack of rectangular-shaped building blocks called vertebrae.
* Scoliosis is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
*The angle of the curve may be small, large, or somewhere in between.
*Scoliosis is the most common in the later stages of childhood or the early teenage years when the person is still growing fast. It is more common in females than in males.
*When viewed from behind, the spine normally appears straight. However, a spine affected by scoliosis is curved — often appearing like an S or C — with a rotation of the vertebrae.
Causes of Scoliosis
In most cases, the cause of scoliosis is idiopathic (unknown). Researchers continue to study possible causes for idiopathic scoliosis and think that a combination of several factors may lead to the disorder. These include:
. Genes.
. Hormones.
. Changes in cell structure.
For some children, scoliosis happens when another disease or disorder, or trauma causes the curving spine. These includes Congenital factors, which happen during the development of the spine when the baby is in the womb, leading to a curve in the spine.
. Genetic diseases, which happen when changes occur in one or more genes.
. Injury to the spine, usually from trauma to the spine or back.
. Neuromuscular diseases, which affect the nerves that send messages to muscles, leading to muscle weakness and loss.
.Tumor, which can cause physical changes to the spine.
Symptoms of Scoliosis
* A visible curve in your back
*Shoulders, a waist, or hips that look uneven
*One shoulder blade that looks bigger
*Ribs that stick out farther on one side of your body than the other
In addition to visible symptoms, scoliosis may lead to:
*Low back pain
*Back stiffness
*Pain and numbness in your legs (from pinched nerves)
*Fatigue due to muscle strain
*Breathing difficulty due to upper spine curve
TREATMENT
PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT
*Treatment options for scoliosis include physical therapy
Physical therapy treatments may include:
Range-of-motion exercises. Your physical therapist will design a treatment program to improve or maintain movement. They will select exercises to help keep and improve range of motion, if it is limited.
Strength training. Your physical therapist will design a treatment program to strengthen the muscles around the spine. They also will help strengthen other parts of the body weakened by scoliosis. Areas may include the hips, shoulders, and even the head and feet.
Manual therapy. Physical therapists can help restore motion to joints and muscles restricted by scoliosis. They may use hands-on (manual) therapy to help guide and retrain movement patterns.
Modalities. Treatment, such as ice, heat, electrical stimulation, or ultrasound can help people reach their physical therapy goals. Your physical therapist will choose the right methods for your specific case.
Functional training. Physical therapists are experts in assessing movement. They can teach proper movement patterns and retrain the body for optimal movement and function.
Advance physiotherapy
1.Myofacial Release (MFR):
*Myofascial release is a therapy technique often used in massage. This therapy is focused on pain that comes from myofascial tissues — the tough coverings that wrap, connect and support muscles.
*Myofascial pain may differ from other types of pain because it often originates in "trigger points." Trigger points are stiff areas within the myofascial tissue.
2.Muscle Energy Technique(MET) :
* MET are a type of manual therapy technique used to lengthen, strengthen and improve the range of movement of muscles.
3.Active Release Technique (ART):
* Active Release Techniques (ART) are a soft tissue method that focuses on relieving tissue tension via the removal of fibrosis/adhesions which can develop in tissues as a result of overload due to repetitive use.
4.DRY NEEDLING (DN):
Dry needling is a treatment that use for pain and movement issues associated with myofascial trigger points. With this technique, inserts thin needles into or near your trigger points. The needles stimulate your muscles, which causes
them to contract or twitch. This helps relieve pain and improve your range of motion.
5.Kinesio-Taping(KT):Kinesiology tape may provide support, reduce pain and swelling, and have other benefits. Some people use it to treat injuries and improve performance.
Rehabilitation
1.Pelvic Tilt :A pelvic tilt will help stretch tight muscles in the hips and lower back.
To do a pelvic tilt, a person should:
Lie on their back with their feet flat on the floor and their knees bent.
Tighten their stomach muscles while flattening their back toward the floor.
Hold for 5 seconds while breathing normally.
Release.
Do 2 sets of 10.
2.Plank:
Place forearms on the floor with elbows aligned below shoulders and arms parallel to your body at about shoulder width. If flat palms bother your wrists, clasp your hands together.
3.Cat Camel :
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