While the specific progression varies based on the type of surgery and individual patient needs, post-operative physiotherapy generally follows these phases:

• Early Recovery/Acute Phase (Immediately post-op):
  • Focus on pain and swelling management (e.g., ice, elevation, gentle massage).
  • Initiate gentle movements for joints not directly involved in the surgery to maintain circulation and prevent stiffness.
  • Introduce isometric exercises (muscle contractions without joint movement) if appropriate.
  • Early mobilization, often with mobility aids, to prevent complications like deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pneumonia.
• Strength and Range of Motion Phase:
  • Gradually increase active and passive range of motion exercises.
  • Begin light strengthening exercises using body weight, resistance bands, or light weights.
  • Incorporate proprioceptive (joint awareness) and balance tasks.
  • Continue with scar tissue management if applicable.
•  Functional and Advanced Training Phase:
  • Progress to more challenging resistance exercises to build strength and endurance.
  • Focus on functional movements relevant to daily activities, work, or sports.
  • Incorporate advanced balance and coordination drills.
  • For athletes, introduce plyometrics and sport-specific training.
  • Emphasize cardiovascular conditioning to improve overall fitness.
•  Techniques Used:-
  • Therapeutic Exercises: A wide range of exercises including strengthening, stretching, range of motion, balance, and functional drills.
  • Manual Therapy: Hands-on techniques like joint mobilizations, soft tissue mobilization (massage, myofascial release), and stretching to reduce pain, improve tissue extensibility, and restore joint mechanics.
  • Electrotherapy Modalities: Such as TENS for pain relief and ultrasound to promote tissue healing.