Expert Calcaneum Spur Physiotherapy in Delhi
What is Calcaneum Spur ?
A calcaneal spur, often referred to as a heel spur, is a bony outgrowth that develops on the heel bone (calcaneus). These spurs are essentially calcium deposits that accumulate over time, usually in response to prolonged stress or strain on the foot. While heel spurs can occur at the back of the heel where the Achilles tendon attaches (dorsal calcaneal spur), they are most commonly found on the underside of the heel, where the plantar fascia connects to the heel bone (plantar calcaneal spur).
Symptoms of Calcaneum Spur
- Pain on the bottom of the foot near the heel.
- Sharp, stabbing pain with the first few steps after waking up in the morning or after a period of rest. This pain often lessens as you walk for a few minutes but may return after prolonged activity or standing.
- Pain that is worse after (not during) exercise or activity.
- Tenderness, inflammation, or swelling in the affected area.
Causes of Calcaneum Spur
Heel spurs develop due to repetitive stress and strain on the foot ligaments and tendons. Factors that can contribute to their formation include:
- Plantar fasciitis: This is a primary cause, as the chronic pulling and inflammation of the plantar fascia can lead to the body depositing calcium at the attachment site.
- Activities that put extra stress on the feet: This includes running, jogging, jumping, or jobs that require prolonged standing on hard surfaces.
- Poor footwear: Shoes that lack adequate arch support or cushioning can increase strain on the plantar fascia.
- Gait (walking) difficulties: Abnormal foot mechanics can place excess pressure on the heel.
- Foot anatomy: Flat feet or high arches can predispose individuals to heel spurs.
- Obesity: Excess weight puts additional stress on the feet.
- Age: As people age, the plantar fascia can lose elasticity.
Physiotherapy for Calcaneum Spur
Physiotherapy is a cornerstone of conservative treatment for calcaneal spurs and associated plantar fasciitis. The goals of physiotherapy are to reduce pain and inflammation, improve flexibility and strength, and correct biomechanical issues.
Treatment for Calcaneum Spur
Rest and Activity Modification
- Reducing activities that aggravate the pain.
- Avoiding prolonged standing or high-impact activities.
Ice Therapy: Applying ice packs or a frozen water bottle (rolled under the foot) for 10-15 minutes at a time to reduce pain and inflammation.
Stretching Exercises: These are crucial for improving flexibility of the plantar fascia and calf muscles.
- Plantar Fascia Stretch: Sit with your leg extended, cross the affected foot over the opposite knee, and gently pull your toes back towards your shin until you feel a stretch along the bottom of your foot. Hold for 20-30 seconds, repeat multiple times.
- Calf Stretches (Gastrocnemius and Soleus):
- Wall Stretch (Knee Straight): Stand facing a wall, place hands on the wall. Step one foot back, keeping the heel down and knee straight. Lean forward to feel a stretch in the upper calf.
- Wall Stretch (Knee Bent): Similar to the above, but bend the back knee slightly to target the deeper calf muscle.
- Towel Stretch: Sit with legs extended, loop a towel around the ball of your foot, and pull the towel towards you to stretch the plantar fascia and calf.
Strengthening Exercises:
- Towel Curls: Sit on a chair with a towel on the floor. Use your toes to scrunch the towel towards you.
- Marble Pick-ups: Pick up marbles with your toes and place them in a cup.
- Calf Raises: Slowly rise onto your toes, hold briefly, then lower. Can be done on a flat surface or with heels hanging off a step.
Manual Therapy:
- Massage: Deep tissue massage of the plantar fascia and calf muscles can help release tension and improve blood flow. A tennis ball or foam roller can be used for self-massage under the foot.
Supportive Devices:
- Orthotics/Shoe Inserts: Custom or over-the-counter orthotics can provide arch support and cushioning, helping to redistribute pressure.
- Night Splints: Worn while sleeping, these splints keep the foot in a dorsiflexed position, gently stretching the plantar fascia overnight and reducing morning pain.
- Supportive Footwear: Wearing shoes with good arch support, cushioning, and a slightly elevated heel can reduce strain.
- Taping: Kinesiology tape can be applied to support the arch and heel.
Modalities (may be used by a physiotherapist):
- Ultrasound: Can be used to reduce inflammation and promote healing.
- Heat Therapy: Can help relax muscles and improve circulation.
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